Terminology Table — New Studies on Marcion

German	Preferred English	Permitted contextual alternatives	Where consistency should not be mechanical
fremder Gott	the alien God	the strange God (in the monograph title only)	On p. 20 the Marcionites’ own claim to a ξένη γνῶσις is “alien knowledge”; keep “alien” so the link to the title-phrase is visible.
guter Gott	the good God	the Good One (rendering Adamantius’s ὁ ἀγαθός, p. 8)	Where Harnack writes “der gute (Gott)” restoring an implied subject, keep the parenthesis.
gerechter Gott	the righteous God	the “righteous” God (with quotation marks whenever Harnack has them)	Never “just God”: Harnack’s whole argument turns on δίκαιος as a moral-legal predicate that is better than bad, which “just” flattens.
Schöpfer / Schöpfergott	creator / creator God	—	—
Weltschöpfer	world-creator	—	On p. 25 Harnack equates world-creator with world; keep the compound so the equation reads.
Zweigötterlehre	doctrine of two Gods	doctrine of two gods (lower case, of the general position, p. 19)	Zweigötterei (p. 19) is slightly dismissive; “the doctrine of two gods” is used rather than a coined pejorative.
Gnostizismus	Gnosticism	—	—
Marcionitismus	Marcionitism	Marcionite Christianity (where Harnack means the religion rather than the movement)	—
Evangelium	Gospel	evangelium (left in Latin in the pair lex und evangelium)	Where Harnack stresses that Marcion first called a book “the Gospel” (p. 29), keep “the Gospel” in quotation marks.
Gesetz	law	lex (in the Latin pair, and in lex fidem impedit)	“the Mosaic law” only where the German says das Mosaische Gesetz; elsewhere “the law”, since the scope is exactly what is in dispute.
Gnade	grace	—	Grejdanus’s Dutch Gnadenleer stays untranslated in the title.
Glaube	faith	belief (only for Unglauben = unbelief, p. 10)	Glaubensurteile (p. 11) = “judgments of faith”; Glaubensbekenntnis (p. 9) = “confession of faith”.
Äon	aeon	—	Äonenspekulation = “aeon-speculation”; Äonenlehre = “doctrine of aeons”; the Greek αἰῶνες is left in Greek where Harnack prints it (p. 19).
Hypostasenchristologie	hypostasis-Christology	—	Only in von Soden’s quotation (p. 3), where it is his coinage.
Antithesen	Antitheses	—	Capitalized and in quotation marks when it is Marcion’s book, as Harnack has it; lower case for an ordinary “antithesis”.
Apostel	apostle	—	Lower case throughout, including pp. 16 and 18, where Harnack means Paul absolutely. On p. 22 note 3, „der Apostel” means “the apostle” as a canonical designation; the emphasis is kept.
Ur-Apostel / Urapostel	the original apostles	—	Not “proto-apostles” or “first apostles”: Harnack’s contrast is with Paul, whom Marcion set above them.
katholisch	Catholic	old-Catholic (altkatholisch, p. 24)	Always historical, never confessional. The scare-quoted “Catholic” of p. 21 marks Harnack’s deliberate paradox and keeps its quotation marks.
kirchlich	ecclesiastical	of the Church; churchly	Never “mainstream”. kirchliche Bibeln (p. 36) is “the ecclesiastical Bibles”. Großkirche = “the Great Church”; Kirchenleute = “churchmen”; Kirchentext = “the Church text”.
Demiurg	Demiurge	δημιουργός (where Harnack prints Greek)	—
Soteriologie / soteriologisch	soteriology / soteriological	—	Harnack once writes soterologisch (p. 9), evidently a slip; translated as “soteriological”.
Potenzierung	raising to a higher power	intensification	In von Soden’s sentence (p. 3) the mathematical metaphor is the point: the two-God doctrine is the modalistic Christology squared.
Nachachtung	observance; compliance	promulgated as binding	Never “contempt”.
hinschillern	to shade over into	to shimmer over into	Keep the optical image; do not reduce to “tends toward”.
Gut > Gerecht	good > righteous	—	Retain the mathematical sign as printed (p. 12).