Text and Reconstruction
True Testament Assembly. True Testament: The Restored Marcionite Canon. 6th ed. True Testament Publishing, 2026. Also available at https://truetestament.org/marcion-bible. This is the Assembly’s received reconstruction and translation, not an extant Marcionite manuscript.
BeDuhn, Jason David. The First New Testament: Marcion’s Scriptural Canon. Salem, OR: Polebridge Press, 2013.
Harnack, Adolf von. Marcion: The Gospel of the Alien God. Translated by John E. Steely and Lyle D. Bierma. Durham, NC: Labyrinth Press, 1990.
Klinghardt, Matthias. The Oldest Gospel and the Formation of the Canonical Gospels. 2 vols. Leuven: Peeters, 2021.
Lieu, Judith M. Marcion and the Making of a Heretic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015.
Roth, Dieter T. The Text of Marcion’s Gospel. Leiden: Brill, 2015.
Zahn, Theodor. Geschichte des neutestamentlichen Kanons. Vol. 2.2. Erlangen and Leipzig: Deichert, 1892.
Greek Terms
Danker, Frederick William, ed. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. See ἀπόλλυμι, αἰών, αἰώνιος, ἀφθαρσία, ἀθανασία, παρουσία, ἀποκατάστασις, σώζω, σωτηρία, σταυρός, and σταυρόω.
Liddell, Henry George, Robert Scott, and Henry Stuart Jones. A Greek-English Lexicon. 9th ed., revised supplement. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.
Ramelli, Ilaria L. E., and David Konstan. Terms for Eternity. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2007.
Execution, Canon, and Restoration
Cook, John Granger. Crucifixion in the Mediterranean World. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2014.
Samuelsson, Gunnar. Crucifixion in Antiquity. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2011.
McDonald, Lee Martin. The Biblical Canon. 3rd ed. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2007.
Ramelli, Ilaria L. E. The Christian Doctrine of Apokatastasis. Leiden: Brill, 2013.
Behr, John, trans. Origen: On First Principles. 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.
Witness Notes
The TT form of Galatians 4:8, “gods by nature,” does not include canonical mē, “not,” and follows a reconstructed Marcionite reading associated especially with Zahn. Universal apokatastasis, flesh-shedding at the parousia, Spirit “possession,” and complete rescue of the unrescued are Assembly theological syntheses rather than lexical definitions or directly transmitted Marcionite sentences.